> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://developers.particle.network/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
# Technology
> How Particle Network's Universal Accounts unify Web3 across chains.
**You don’t need to read this page to build with Universal Accounts.** Everything described here happens automatically under the hood. This page is for developers who want to understand what’s happening beneath the SDK before integrating. If you just want to ship, jump straight to our [Web Quickstart](/universal-accounts/cha/web-quickstart).
**Chain abstraction** removes the friction of dealing with multiple blockchains.\
With **Universal Accounts**, users and developers interact with Web3 as if it were one unified environment.
***
## What This Means for Users
* **One account and balance** across all chains.
* **Use any token as gas** on any transaction.
* **No bridges or chain switching** required.
## What This Means for Developers
* Build your dApp on one chain, serve users from all of them.
* No need to manage cross-chain deployments.
* Unified liquidity, handled automatically in the background.
***
## Powered by Universal Liquidity
**Universal Liquidity** is the mechanism that enables chain abstraction. It allows **Universal Accounts** to fulfill user actions without requiring them to **bridge** or manually move assets across chains. It routes funds across **solvers** with liquidity on supported networks based on the user’s **intent**, allowing them to interact with all chains as if they were **one**.
### How It Works
When a user performs an action on a chain where they don’t hold funds, Universal Liquidity activates **liquidity sources** and **solvers** deployed on the chains involved to handle the **cross-chain** complexity behind the transaction.
This happens as follows:
1. The user initiates the action (**swap**, **mint**, **deposit**, etc.) and signs once to **authorize** it. No preparation of assets or **gas** on the target chain is required.
2. The **signature** conveys what the user wants to do and confirms they have assets to cover the **cost**.
3. **Solvers** detect the request and temporarily provide the required **liquidity** on the destination chain. They:
* Execute the transaction on the user’s behalf.
* Cover the required **costs upfront.**
* Recoup the value afterward from the user’s **balances** on supported chains.
4. The transaction finalizes on the **destination network**.
The user’s funds **never move beforehand**. The solver only fronts the required liquidity and then withdraws **repayment** from the user’s existing balances in accordance with the signed authorization.
A **solver** is simply an **on-chain entity** with liquidity (e.g., an **LP** holding **USDT** or other **[Primary Token](/universal-accounts/cha/chains)s**). Particle currently operates these liquidity pools, with the goal of enabling **permissionless** participation in the future.
### Example
A user holds:
* **50 USDC** on BNB Chain
* **50 USDC** on Solana
They want to spend **100 USDC** on Base.
A solver aggregates liquidity across the user’s balances, fronts the required funds on Base, executes the transaction, and later settles repayment across the user’s assets plus a small fee.
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## Gas Abstraction
Universal Liquidity also removes the requirement to hold **native gas tokens** on every chain. **Paymasters** cover **gas fees** on user’s behalf, then settle repayment [afterward using **any supported asset**](/universal-accounts/chains)—even if that asset is on another chain.
This looks as follows:
1. User signs to authorize the operation and **repayment**.
2. **Paymaster(s)** fronts the gas immediately.
3. The transaction is executed on the **target chain**.
4. Repayment is deducted afterward using available **balances**.
A **single signature** is enough to complete **cross-chain** operations while simplifying both **liquidity** and **gas**.
***
## TL;DR
Chain Abstraction, powered by Universal Liquidity, enables:
* Assets across chains to function as **a unified liquidity source.**
* Execution of transactions using **any combination** of a user’s balances.
* Removal of **bridging**, **gas concerns**, and **balance fragmentation.**
***
## Next Steps
Start building with Universal Accounts.
Try UniversalX, a chain-agnostic trading app powered by Universal Accounts.
